| Read aloud to students daily |
Round-robin reading by students |
| Independent reading |
Emphasis on whole-class reading |
| Use of trade books, picture books, magazines |
Primary dependence on basal, textbook, literature book |
| Student choice of reading material |
Teacher selection of reading material |
| Teacher modeling of skills and strategies |
Lecturing, worksheets, workbooks |
| Use of higher-level questions (application, synthesis, evaluation) |
Use of lower-level questions (primarily recall) |
| Use of critical and creative thinking |
Less rote learning, memorization |
